Turquoise
Turquoise is a blue-to-green, hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate.
Products made with this material
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Full material guide
Material facts
What the material is, where it comes from or how it is made, identification and care, from the cited sources.
Properties
| Mineral | Turquoise |
| Mohs hardness | 5–6 |
| Color | Blue to green |
Origins & sources
Iran’s Nishapur district is a historic source.
Identification
Host-rock remnants form matrix markings; a spiderweb pattern can occur.
Care
Use warm soapy water. Avoid steam, ultrasonic cleaning, heat, cosmetics and solvents.
History & culture
Traditional beliefs and cultural meanings are recorded as history and folklore. They are not verified material properties or proven effects.
History
Turquoise jewelry has been found in ancient Egyptian tombs.
Cultural meanings
Not collected yet
Traditional beliefs
GIA lists turquoise as a traditional December birthstone.
Sources
Collected Oct 22, 2026
- Turquoise Gemstone Gemological Institute of America (GIA) · Accessed Oct 22, 2026 OverviewPropertiesHistoryTraditional beliefs
- Turquoise Description Gemological Institute of America (GIA) · Accessed Oct 22, 2026 Origins & sourcesIdentification
- Turquoise Care and Cleaning Guide Gemological Institute of America (GIA) · Accessed Oct 22, 2026 Care
