Verdite

Verdite is a trade name for grayish green to bright green natural metamorphic rocks from southern Africa that owe their color to abundant fuchsite, a chromium-rich variety of muscovite mica. Its composition varies: some verdite is mostly fuchsite, some is fuchsite intergrown with other micas, and some is serpentine with enough fuchsite to turn it green. It is soft and is mainly used for carvings and decorative stone. The name comes from the Latin viridis, "green".

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Full material guide
Material facts

What the material is, where it comes from or how it is made, identification and care, from the cited sources.

Properties

Nature Natural metamorphic rock (trade name)
Composition Mainly fuchsite (chromium muscovite), alone, with other micas, or in serpentine; some contains red corundum (ruby)
Color Grayish green to bright green; sometimes with yellow or red spots
Mohs hardness About 3 to 4, depending on composition
Specific gravity 2.80 to 2.96
Refractive index About 1.58 (vague shadow edge)
Texture Often foliated; uniform texture in carving grades

Origins & sources

Verdite is found at many places in South Africa, eSwatini (formerly Swaziland) and Zimbabwe. The original material was found in 1907 on the south bank of the Noord Kaap River near Barberton in South Africa, where it occurs in narrow bands in the Jamestown rocks, sometimes intergrown with gray talc or with hard corundum-bearing rock. Some verdite, notably from Zimbabwe, contains red ruby (corundum) crystals.

Identification

Verdite is soft (about 3 to 4) and has a refractive index near 1.58 and a density of about 2.80 to 2.96; it does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Buddstone, a green chalcedony colored by fuchsite that often occurs with verdite, has a hardness of about 7, so a hardness test separates them. Verdite is also confused with green aventurine quartzite, dyed quartzite and chalcedony, and with jadeite and nephrite; some vendors sell it under the misnomer "African jade", but it is not jade.

Care

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History & culture

History

The people of South Africa have used verdite for generations, and it is often considered part of their culture; its softness and even texture make it a favored stone for small sculptures, and some carvers work the red ruby inclusions into their designs. Polished verdite has also been used for interior moldings and wall facing, including in the Bank of England and South Africa House in London. It is sometimes called "Africa's green gold".

Cultural meanings

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Traditional beliefs

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Sources

Collected Oct 23, 2026